N/A (No subscription concept — AWS Accounts with optional consolidated billing via AWS Organizations)

Quake AI concept: Subscriptions

• AWS has no subscription concept. Billing is per AWS Account. Multiple accounts can be grouped under AWS Organizations with consolidated billing where the payer account receives a single invoice. OpenStack projects are resource boundaries within a single Keystone domain with no native billing hierarchy.
• AWS accounts are completely isolated resource boundaries; resources do not cross account boundaries without explicit cross-account IAM roles and resource policies. OpenStack projects are resource boundaries within a shared Keystone domain, with cross-project access via role assignments.
• AWS Organizations allows Service Control Policies (SCPs) applied at the organizational unit level, restricting what IAM policies can grant. OpenStack has no equivalent cascading policy restriction mechanism across projects.
• AWS account-level service quotas are separate from organizational-level limits and must be increased per account. OpenStack project quotas are set per project by the admin.