Trino federated query engine
Trino federated query engine
This validated OpenTofu template composes Compute, Network, and Block Storage into a self-hosted federated SQL query engine you run on infrastructure you control.
What this template does#
Provisions a single instance running Trino, an open-source federated SQL query engine (a self-hosted alternative to Amazon Athena or Starburst):
- Multi-container Docker stack: one coordinator, one or more workers (default one), and catalog configs for Postgres, ClickHouse, and Iceberg
- Default sizing:
m2a.xlarge(4 vCPU / 16 GiB RAM) and an 80 GiB data volume at/var/lib/dockerfor container layers and query spill - Private network, security group, floating IP; UI restricted to
ui_allowed_cidrby default - Built-in
tpchandtpcdssample catalogs for smoke tests after first boot
Trino federates SQL across the data sources you wire in. Point postgres_host, clickhouse_host, and the Iceberg REST/S3 settings at your warehouse, ClickHouse, and lakehouse stacks, then add credentials in the catalog files on the instance. No credential ships with this template.
Parameters#
| Parameter | Description | Default |
|---|---|---|
key_name | SSH keypair name (must already exist) | No default |
flavor_name | Instance size (coordinator plus one worker on 4 vCPU / 16 GiB) | m2a.xlarge |
image_name | Operating system image | Ubuntu-24.04 |
app_name | Display name prefix for resources | trino |
volume_size | Block volume size in GiB, mounted at /var/lib/docker | 80 |
external_network | External network for floating IP allocation | PublicStatic |
private_cidr | CIDR for the private subnet | 10.50.0.0/24 |
ui_allowed_cidr | CIDR allowed to reach the Trino UI on port 8080 | 10.50.0.0/24 |
worker_count | Trino worker containers (1 to 3 on this single VM) | 1 |
postgres_host | PostgreSQL host for the postgres catalog | "" |
clickhouse_host | ClickHouse host for the clickhouse catalog | "" |
iceberg_rest_uri | Iceberg REST catalog URI | "" |
s3_endpoint | S3-compatible endpoint for Iceberg | "" |
postgres_port | PostgreSQL port for the postgres catalog | 5432 |
postgres_database | PostgreSQL database for the postgres catalog | analytics |
postgres_user | PostgreSQL user for the postgres catalog | analytics |
clickhouse_port | ClickHouse HTTP port for the clickhouse catalog | 8123 |
iceberg_warehouse | Iceberg warehouse URI for the iceberg catalog | s3://lake/warehouse |
s3_region | S3 region identifier for Iceberg object storage | us-east-1 |
UI access and security#
The Trino web UI listens on port 8080 over plain HTTP. The security group restricts 8080 to ui_allowed_cidr, which defaults to the private network only. Reach the UI over an SSH tunnel, through a reverse proxy on 443, or by setting ui_allowed_cidr to YOUR_IP/32.
Federated catalogs#
cloud-init writes catalog property files under /opt/trino/catalog/ on the instance. Built-in tpch and tpcds catalogs always load. Postgres, ClickHouse, and Iceberg catalogs are created when you set the matching tfvars. Add passwords and object-storage keys on the instance after apply, then run docker compose restart in /opt/trino.
When to use this pattern#
Run a federated SQL query engine over Postgres warehouses, ClickHouse, and Iceberg lake tables on a VM you operate. Trino suits ad hoc analytics, cross-source joins, and the query layer in an open lakehouse stack.
For the warehouse itself, see self-managed PostgreSQL. For a column store, see ClickHouse when that template is on your branch.
Estimated cost#
Monthly cost estimate
Pricing calculator ↗Sized as a custom package on dedicated vCPU.
Monthly total for the required template above. Use the configurator below to add optional pieces and see the total update.
What each resource is for
Trino
m2a.xlarge · 4 dedicated vCPU, 16 GiB RAM, 1 Gbps
Compute shown per role at custom-package rates ($29/dedicated vCPU, $7.25/shared vCPU, $1/GiB RAM). The headline above is the billed total: the cheaper of a named plan and the custom package, plus add-ons.
Included in baseline
m2a.xlarge
4 dedicated vCPU, 16 GiB RAM, 1 Gbps
Compute + RAM rate basis
4 vCPU + 16 GiB RAM at $29/dedicated vCPU, $7.25/shared vCPU, $1/GiB RAM (regular). Totals apply the flat −$5/mo package promotion.
Block storage (130 GiB)
130 GiB at $0.08/GiB/mo
Public IP (included)
1 included with the custom package
Package promotional discount
Flat −$5.00/mo on the custom package (same promotion as named plans).
Included at no charge
These line items are zero on Quake AI. Many other providers meter them separately.
Data transfer (inbound and outbound)
Unlimited data transfer on every plan; Quake AI does not meter per-GB egress.
AWS, GCP, and Azure meter outbound transfer per GB. DigitalOcean and Hetzner include an allowance on compute plans, then charge overage.
Learn morePrivate networking
Private networks, subnets, Neutron routers, and security groups are included with the plan.
VPC objects are usually free to create elsewhere, but NAT gateways bill hourly plus per-GB processed. Quake AI uses router SNAT with no separate NAT line item.
Control-plane API requests
OpenStack API calls for provisioning and management are included.
Some managed services on other clouds meter API calls or charge for premium control-plane features.
Dev/test vs production
Start on shared CPU for dev/test, then promote to dedicated for production with a flavor resize. The network, storage, and template stay the same.
Dev/test on shared CPU
Burstable s1a flavors; suited to prototyping and low or bursty load.
Production on dedicated CPU
The headline estimate above; predictable steady-load performance.
Saves $99.00/mo while you build on shared CPU.
Shared flavors carry less RAM (m2a.xlarge (16 GiB RAM) -> s1a.medium (4 GiB RAM)). A resize reboots the instance; data on attached volumes persists. Size the dedicated flavor for the RAM your production workload needs.
Pricing data last validated: . For current rates, check quake.ai/pricing.
Template source#
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data "openstack_images_image_v2" "os" {
name = var.image_name
most_recent = true
}
data "openstack_networking_network_v2" "external" {
name = var.external_network
}
resource "openstack_networking_network_v2" "private" {
name = "${var.app_name}-net"
admin_state_up = true
}
resource "openstack_networking_subnet_v2" "private" {
name = "${var.app_name}-subnet"
network_id = openstack_networking_network_v2.private.id
cidr = var.private_cidr
ip_version = 4
dns_nameservers = ["1.1.1.1", "8.8.8.8"]
}
resource "openstack_networking_router_v2" "main" {
name = "${var.app_name}-router"
external_network_id = data.openstack_networking_network_v2.external.id
}
resource "openstack_networking_router_interface_v2" "private" {
router_id = openstack_networking_router_v2.main.id
subnet_id = openstack_networking_subnet_v2.private.id
}
resource "openstack_networking_secgroup_v2" "trino" {
name = "${var.app_name}-sg"
description = "SSH and HTTP/HTTPS for a reverse proxy; editor port 8080 restricted"
}
resource "openstack_networking_secgroup_rule_v2" "ssh" {
direction = "ingress"
ethertype = "IPv4"
protocol = "tcp"
port_range_min = 22
port_range_max = 22
remote_ip_prefix = "0.0.0.0/0"
security_group_id = openstack_networking_secgroup_v2.trino.id
}
# 80 and 443 carry the editor when it is served over a domain with automatic
# TLS through a reverse proxy (Caddy or Nginx). They are not used until you put
# a proxy in front of trino; see the reference page.
resource "openstack_networking_secgroup_rule_v2" "http" {
direction = "ingress"
ethertype = "IPv4"
protocol = "tcp"
port_range_min = 80
port_range_max = 80
remote_ip_prefix = "0.0.0.0/0"
security_group_id = openstack_networking_secgroup_v2.trino.id
}
resource "openstack_networking_secgroup_rule_v2" "https" {
direction = "ingress"
ethertype = "IPv4"
protocol = "tcp"
port_range_min = 443
port_range_max = 443
remote_ip_prefix = "0.0.0.0/0"
security_group_id = openstack_networking_secgroup_v2.trino.id
}
# Raw editor HTTP on 8080 is restricted to ui_allowed_cidr (the private
# network by default). Prefer a domain with TLS on 443 for routine access.
# trino's own user management still gates the editor with an owner account set on
# first visit, but the port stays off the public internet by default.
resource "openstack_networking_secgroup_rule_v2" "editor" {
direction = "ingress"
ethertype = "IPv4"
protocol = "tcp"
port_range_min = 8080
port_range_max = 8080
remote_ip_prefix = var.ui_allowed_cidr
security_group_id = openstack_networking_secgroup_v2.trino.id
}
resource "openstack_networking_port_v2" "trino" {
name = "${var.app_name}-port"
network_id = openstack_networking_network_v2.private.id
security_group_ids = [openstack_networking_secgroup_v2.trino.id]
fixed_ip {
subnet_id = openstack_networking_subnet_v2.private.id
}
depends_on = [openstack_networking_router_interface_v2.private]
}
resource "openstack_blockstorage_volume_v3" "data" {
name = "${var.app_name}-data"
size = var.volume_size
}
resource "openstack_compute_instance_v2" "trino" {
name = var.app_name
flavor_name = var.flavor_name
key_pair = var.key_name
user_data = templatefile("${path.module}/cloud-init/trino.yaml.tftpl", {
app_name = var.app_name
worker_count = var.worker_count
postgres_host = var.postgres_host
postgres_port = var.postgres_port
postgres_database = var.postgres_database
postgres_user = var.postgres_user
clickhouse_host = var.clickhouse_host
clickhouse_port = var.clickhouse_port
iceberg_rest_uri = var.iceberg_rest_uri
iceberg_warehouse = var.iceberg_warehouse
s3_endpoint = var.s3_endpoint
s3_region = var.s3_region
})
block_device {
uuid = data.openstack_images_image_v2.os.id
source_type = "image"
destination_type = "volume"
volume_size = 50
boot_index = 0
delete_on_termination = true
}
network {
port = openstack_networking_port_v2.trino.id
}
}
resource "openstack_compute_volume_attach_v2" "data" {
instance_id = openstack_compute_instance_v2.trino.id
volume_id = openstack_blockstorage_volume_v3.data.id
}
resource "openstack_networking_floatingip_v2" "trino" {
pool = var.external_network
}
resource "openstack_networking_floatingip_associate_v2" "trino" {
floating_ip = openstack_networking_floatingip_v2.trino.address
port_id = openstack_networking_port_v2.trino.id
}
variable "key_name" {
description = "SSH keypair name (must already exist in your project)"
type = string
}
variable "flavor_name" {
description = "Instance size. Trino coordinator plus one worker runs on 4 vCPU and 16 GiB RAM."
type = string
default = "m2a.xlarge"
}
variable "image_name" {
type = string
default = "Ubuntu-24.04"
}
variable "app_name" {
type = string
default = "trino"
}
variable "volume_size" {
type = number
default = 80
}
variable "external_network" {
description = "Shared external network for router gateway and floating IPs; defaults to PublicStatic (persisted FIP / production pattern). Override with PublicEphemeral for ephemeral demos."
type = string
default = "PublicStatic"
}
variable "private_cidr" {
type = string
default = "10.50.0.0/24"
}
variable "ui_allowed_cidr" {
description = "CIDR allowed to reach the Trino web UI on port 8080."
type = string
default = "10.50.0.0/24"
}
variable "worker_count" {
type = number
default = 1
validation {
condition = var.worker_count >= 1 && var.worker_count <= 3
error_message = "worker_count must be between 1 and 3."
}
}
variable "postgres_host" {
type = string
default = ""
}
variable "postgres_port" {
type = number
default = 5432
}
variable "postgres_database" {
type = string
default = "analytics"
}
variable "postgres_user" {
type = string
default = "analytics"
}
variable "clickhouse_host" {
type = string
default = ""
}
variable "clickhouse_port" {
type = number
default = 8123
}
variable "iceberg_rest_uri" {
type = string
default = ""
}
variable "iceberg_warehouse" {
type = string
default = "s3://lake/warehouse"
}
variable "s3_endpoint" {
type = string
default = ""
}
variable "s3_region" {
type = string
default = "us-east-1"
}
output "instance_id" { value = openstack_compute_instance_v2.trino.id }
output "floating_ip" { value = openstack_networking_floatingip_v2.trino.address }
output "private_ip" { value = openstack_compute_instance_v2.trino.access_ip_v4 }
output "ui_url" { value = "http://${openstack_networking_floatingip_v2.trino.address}:8080" }
output "worker_count" { value = var.worker_count }
terraform {
required_version = ">= 1.6.0"
required_providers {
openstack = {
source = "terraform-provider-openstack/openstack"
version = "~> 2.0"
}
}
}
provider "openstack" {}
key_name = "YOUR_KEY_NAME"
#cloud-config
package_update: true
packages: [ca-certificates, curl]
write_files:
- path: /opt/trino/docker-compose.yml
content: |
services:
trino-coordinator:
image: trinodb/trino:463
hostname: trino-coordinator
restart: unless-stopped
ports: ["8080:8080"]
volumes:
- /opt/trino/coordinator/etc:/etc/trino
- /opt/trino/catalog:/etc/trino/catalog
- trino-data:/data/trino
networks: [trino-net]
trino-worker-1:
image: trinodb/trino:463
hostname: trino-worker-1
restart: unless-stopped
depends_on: [trino-coordinator]
volumes:
- /opt/trino/worker-1/etc:/etc/trino
- /opt/trino/catalog:/etc/trino/catalog
- trino-data:/data/trino
networks: [trino-net]
volumes: {trino-data: {}}
networks: {trino-net: {driver: bridge}}
- path: /opt/trino/coordinator/etc/config.properties
content: |
coordinator=true
node-scheduler.include-coordinator=false
http-server.http.port=8080
discovery.uri=http://trino-coordinator:8080
- path: /opt/trino/coordinator/etc/node.properties
content: |
node.environment=${app_name}
node.id=coordinator
node.data-dir=/data/trino
- path: /opt/trino/coordinator/etc/jvm.config
content: |
-server
-Xmx8G
-Xms8G
- path: /opt/trino/worker-1/etc/config.properties
content: |
coordinator=false
http-server.http.port=8080
discovery.uri=http://trino-coordinator:8080
- path: /opt/trino/worker-1/etc/node.properties
content: |
node.environment=${app_name}
node.id=worker-1
node.data-dir=/data/trino
- path: /opt/trino/worker-1/etc/jvm.config
content: |
-server
-Xmx6G
-Xms6G
- path: /opt/trino/catalog/tpch.properties
content: |
connector.name=tpch
tpch.splits-per-node=4
%{ if postgres_host != "" ~}
- path: /opt/trino/catalog/postgres.properties
content: |
connector.name=postgresql
connection-url=jdbc:postgresql://${postgres_host}:${postgres_port}/${postgres_database}
connection-user=${postgres_user}
%{ endif ~}
%{ if clickhouse_host != "" ~}
- path: /opt/trino/catalog/clickhouse.properties
content: |
connector.name=clickhouse
connection-url=jdbc:clickhouse://${clickhouse_host}:${clickhouse_port}/default
connection-user=default
%{ endif ~}
%{ if iceberg_rest_uri != "" && s3_endpoint != "" ~}
- path: /opt/trino/catalog/iceberg.properties
content: |
connector.name=iceberg
iceberg.catalog.type=rest
iceberg.rest-catalog.uri=${iceberg_rest_uri}
iceberg.rest-catalog.warehouse=${iceberg_warehouse}
fs.native-s3.enabled=true
s3.endpoint=${s3_endpoint}
s3.region=${s3_region}
s3.path-style-access=true
%{ endif ~}
runcmd:
- |
set -e
DEV=/dev/sdb
for i in $(seq 1 30); do [ -b "$DEV" ] && break; sleep 5; done
if ! blkid "$DEV" >/dev/null 2>&1; then mkfs.ext4 -F -L trinodata "$DEV"; fi
mkdir -p /var/lib/docker && mount "$DEV" /var/lib/docker
grep -q "$DEV" /etc/fstab || echo "$DEV /var/lib/docker ext4 defaults,nofail 0 2" >> /etc/fstab
curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com | sh
cd /opt/trino && docker compose up -d
Resources, parameters, and variables
key_namerequiredflavor_name="m2a.xlarge"image_name="Ubuntu-24.04"app_name="trino"volume_size=80external_network="PublicStatic"private_cidr="10.50.0.0/24"ui_allowed_cidr="10.50.0.0/24"worker_count=1 validation {postgres_host=""postgres_port=5432postgres_database="analytics"postgres_user="analytics"clickhouse_host=""clickhouse_port=8123iceberg_rest_uri=""iceberg_warehouse="s3://lake/warehouse"s3_endpoint=""s3_region="us-east-1"
See also#
Usage Guidelines
The sample code, software libraries, command line tools, proofs of concept, templates, and other related technology on this page (including any of the foregoing that is provided by Quake AI personnel) is provided to you as Quake AI Content under the Quake AI Customer Agreement, or the relevant written agreement between you and Quake AI (whichever applies). Do not use this Quake AI Content in your production accounts, or on production or other critical data. You are responsible for testing, securing, and optimizing the Quake AI Content (such as sample code) as appropriate for production grade use based on your specific quality control practices and standards. Deploying Quake AI Content may incur Quake AI charges for creating or using Quake AI chargeable resources, such as running Compute instances or storing data in Object Storage. Your use is also subject to the Acceptable Use Policy.
For the full policy, see Usage Guidelines.
Last validated: 07.07.2026
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